Population density (in agriculture standing stock and standing crop) is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans. It is a key geographic term.

Biological population densities

Population density is population divided by total land area.

Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes in low population densities include:

Increased problems with locating mates

Increased inbreeding

Different species have different expected densities. R-selected species commonly have high population densities, while K-selected species may have lower densities. Low densities may be associated with specialized mate location adaptations such as specialized pollinators, as found in the orchid family (''Orchidaceae'').

==Human population density== For humans, population density is the number of people per unit of area usually per square kilometer or mile (which may include or exclude cultivated or potentially productive area). Commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world.

The world's population is 6.8 billion, and Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510 million square kilometers (197 million square miles). Therefore the worldwide human population density is 6.8 billion ÷ 510 million = 13.3 per km² (34.5 per sq. mile). If only the Earth's land area of 150 million km² (58 million sq. miles) is taken into account, then human population density increases to 45.3 per km² (117.2 per sq. mile). This calculation includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to 50 people per km² (129.28 per sq. mile). Considering that over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human inhabitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give any meaningful measurement of human population density.

Several of the most densely-populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, micronations, or dependencies. These territories share a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation.

Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though the extent to which this is the case depends on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely-populated cities are in southern and eastern Asia, though Cairo and Lagos in Africa also fall into this category.

City population is, however, heavily dependent on the definition of "urban area" used: densities are often higher for the central municipality itself, than when more recently-developed and administratively separate suburban communities are included, as in the concepts of agglomeration or metropolitan area, the latter including sometimes neighboring cities. For instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and not the surrounding suburbs as well.

Other methods of measurement

While arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed which aim to provide a more accurate measure of population density over a specific area.

Arithmetic density: The total number of people / area of land (measured in km² or sq miles).

Physiological density: The total population / area of arable land.

Agricultural density: The total ''rural'' population / area of arable land.

Residential density : The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land.

Urban density : The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land.

Ecological optimum: The density of population which can be supported by the natural resources.

See also

Human geography

Idealized population

Optimum population

Population bottleneck

Population genetics

Population health

Population momentum

Population pyramid

Rural transport problem

Small population size

Lists:

List of cities by population

List of cities by population density

List of European cities proper by population density

List of islands by population density

List of countries by population density

List of U.S. states by population density

References

External links

Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Densities

Category:Population density Category:Population ecology Category:Geography Category:Demography

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name	Eugene Hütz
birth name	Yevheniy Oleksandrovych Nikolayev-Simanov
born	September 06, 1972Boiarka, Soviet Union (present day Ukraine)
origin	Boyarka, Ukraine
instrument	Guitar, vocals, fire sand bucket
genre	Gypsy punk
years active	1999–present
associated acts	Gogol Bordello J.U.F. Les Claypool
background	solo_singer }}

Eugene Hütz (, ''Yevhen Hudz′''; born Yevheniy Aleksandrovich Nikolayev-Simonov,) , September 6, 1972) is a Ukrainian-born singer and composer, most notable as the frontman of the critically acclaimed New York Gypsy punk band Gogol Bordello. Hütz is also a DJ and actor.

Early life

Hütz was born in Boyarka, near Kiev, to a Russian father and a mother who was of half Roma ancestry. His father was a butcher who also played guitar in one of Ukraine's first rock bands, Meridian.

Hütz's road to the United States was a long journey through Poland, Hungary, Austria and Italy. Descendants of gypsies called the Servo Roma (a tribe known for its blacksmiths, horsetraders and musicians), Hütz and his family fled their hometown after hearing of the Chernobyl meltdown. Enduring a seven-year trek through East European refugee camps provided Hütz with an immigrant experience that is reflected in his songwriting. However, it is Hütz's Roma and Ukrainian background that is his central inspiration, influencing his lifestyle and the music of his band Gogol Bordello.

Hütz arrived in Vermont in 1992 as a political refugee through a resettlement program with his mother, father and cousin Yosef.

Gogol Bordello

Hütz started his musical career back in Ukraine with the band Uksusnik. While in Vermont, Hütz formed the punk band The Fags. Later, Hütz moved to New York and took on his mother's German maiden name of Hütz. It was in New York where he met members of Gogol Bordello including violinist Sergey Ryabtsev, accordionist Yuri Lemeshev, guitarist Oren Kaplan, drummer Eliot Ferguson and dancers Pam Racine and Elizabeth Sun.

In 1999, Gogol Bordello released their debut full-length ''Voi-La Intruder'', produced by Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds drummer Jim Sclavunos. In September 2002 the band released their second album Multi Kontra Culti vs. Irony. In 2005, the band released the E.P. East Infection followed later that year by the SideOneDummy debut Gypsy Punks: Underdog World Strike, recorded by Steve Albini. Gogol Bordello’s next offering, Super Taranta! (produced by Victor Van Vugt) became one their most critically acclaimed releases with music critic Robert Christgau calling Gogol Bordello “the world's most visionary band.” Their next album, Trans-Continental Hustle, was released on April 27, 2010, and the LP on May 11, 2010.

Gogol Bordello's live shows and Hütz's stage presence has earned them invitations to places such as The Whitney Museum in New York, The Tate Modern in London and the Venice Biennale in Italy. Gogol Bordello has played events such as Coachella, Bonnaroo, Lollapalooza, Glastonbury, Roskilde Festival, Reading, Virgin Mobile Fest, Leeds, Bumbershoot, Austin City Limits Music Festival, and A Campingflight to Lowlands Paradise.

Other projects

Since moving to New York, Hütz has also made a name for himself as a DJ with a style best represented on his experimental side project J.U.F. (Jüdisch-Ukrainische Freundschaft) and a newer incarnation, MITITIKA. He has also performed and recorded with the Kolpakov Trio.

Hütz made his film debut in the 2005 film ''Everything Is Illuminated'', playing the character Alex. In addition to starring in ''Everything Is Illuminated'', Hütz wrote and performed (as part of Gogol Bordello) some of the music for the film's soundtrack. Much of Gogol Bordello makes a cameo appearance in an early scene in the movie.

Hütz is also the subject of the 2006 documentary, ''The Pied Piper of Hützovina''. Directed by Pavla Fleischer, ''The Pied Piper of Hützovina'' chronicles Hütz’s annual trip across Ukraine and Eastern Europe exploring his musical and cultural roots.

In 2008, Hütz starred as the lead character in ''Filth and Wisdom'', the film that marks Madonna’s directorial debut. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 13, 2008.

Hütz wrote the introduction for the Subculture Books edition of ''Taras Bulba'', released in December of 2008.

Hütz has also worked with Les Claypool on various materials; he performed on Claypool's album "''Of Fungi and Foe''", on the track "Bite Out of Life".

Influence

In 2006, a documentary film was made about his travel back to Ukraine titled The Pied Piper of Hutzovina.

In the 2006 movie ''Wristcutters: A Love Story'' the character of Eugene (played by Shea Whigham) is based on Hütz.

In the January 2008 Gucci menswear show in Milan, Hütz was cited as the key inspiration for the collection.

Personal life

Hütz is an avid supporter of Romani rights, using his music to introduce the gypsy culture to a wider audience. When he’s not touring with Gogol Bordello, Hütz can be found DJ-ing at the Bulgarian Bar also known as "Mehanata" in New York or touring with the Russian gypsy group Kolpakov Trio, led by his mentor Sasha Kolpakov. Eugene has no siblings, although he refers to his maternal cousin as his brother; his cousin made an appearance in the movie ''Everything is Illuminated'' playing the trumpet. Both Eugene and his cousin are 1/4 Romani. His maternal grandmother is his tie to his Romani roots, although this knowledge was kept away from him until he was fourteen. In October 2008, Hütz told the ''L.A. Weekly'' that he had moved to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In November 2009, he told ''Pagina/12'' that he had moved to São Paulo.

Filmography

''Kill Your Idols'' (2004) as himself

''Kill Your Darlings'' (2004 short film) as the prince

''Everything Is Illuminated'' (2005) as Alex

''The Pied Piper of Hützovina'' (2006) as himself

''Gogol Bordello Non-Stop'' (2008) as himself

''Filth and Wisdom'' (2008) as A.K.

References

External links

Gogol Bordello Non-Stop (2008)

Gogolbordello.com

Mehanata

''Kill Your Idols''

Interview with Eugene Hutz by musicOMH.com, 2008

Eugene Hütz Interview with ''L.A. Weekly'', October 2008

Eugene Hütz Interview with Aaron Hillis of ''IFC News'', October 2008

Eugene Hütz Interview with ''ION Magazine'', July 2010

Interview with Eugene Hütz and Santeri Ahlgren, December 2010

Category:1972 births Category:Living people Category:American actors Category:American DJs Category:American folk singers Category:American writers Category:Anarcho-punk musicians Category:Folk punk musicians Category:Gypsy punk Category:People from Kiev Oblast Category:People of Romani descent Category:Punk rock singers Category:Ukrainian people of Russian descent Category:Ukrainian expatriates in the United States Category:American musicians of Russian descent Category:American musicians of Ukrainian descent

de:Eugene Hütz es:Eugene Hütz fr:Eugene Hütz it:Eugene Hütz ja:ユージン・ハッツ pl:Eugene Hütz pt:Eugene Hütz ru:Гудзь, Евгений fi:Eugene Hütz sv:Eugene Hütz uk:Євген Гудзь

name	Jessie Evans
sport	Basketball
birth place	Lebanon, Tennessee
current team	San Francisco
current title	Head coach
championships	Sun Belt Tournament Championship (2000, 2004)Sun Belt Regular Season Championship (2000, 2004)
player	*
player years	1968–1972
player teams	Eastern Michigan
coach	*
coach years	1972–19731973–19761976–19811982–19841984–19861986–19881988–19971997–20042004–2007
coach teams	Flint ProsNorthwestern HSMinnesota (asst.)San Diego State (asst.)Wyoming (asst.)Texas (asst.)Arizona (asst.)Louisiana-LafayetteSan Francisco
baskhof year	}}

Jessie Evans is the former head men's basketball coach at the University of San Francisco. He was replaced by Eddie Sutton on December 26, 2007. He previously held the same position at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

References

Category:Living people Category:College men's basketball head coaches in the United States Category:American basketball players Category:Arizona Wildcats men's basketball coaches Category:Eastern Michigan Eagles men's basketball players Category:High school basketball coaches in the United States Category:Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball coaches Category:San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball coaches Category:Texas Longhorns men's basketball coaches Category:Wyoming Cowboys basketball coaches Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns men's basketball coaches Category:San Francisco Dons men's basketball coaches Category:People from Wilson County, Tennessee

Toby Dammit (born Larry Mullins, 13 December 1966, Knoxville, Tennessee), is an American musician, percussionist and composer. In 1990, he released his first professional album with a band called The Ringling Sisters, produced by Lou Adler (Rocky Horror Picture Show, Cheech & Chong, Mamas & Papas).

Career

Dammit is best known for his 1990–1999 collaboration with Iggy Pop as a drummer. During this time, he recorded three albums with Iggy: (American Caesar, Naughty Little Doggie, and Avenue B) and made several soundtrack appearances: (Freddy's Dead - The Final Nightmare, Fast Track to Nowhere, The Crow: City of Angels, Coffee and Cigarettes, Monster Men - Space Goofs). His work appeared throughout the entire score for Johnny Depp's film The Brave starring Marlon Brando. During this period, Dammit also toured extensively with Iggy and performed at more than 700 concerts worldwide. Footage from their live performances together appears on the DVD Kiss My Blood (1991) from the original Paris Olympia.

He joined the New York City-based Swans in 1995 and continued to work with front man Michael Gira after he disbanded Swans and formed The Angels of Light. In all Dammit collaborated on ten releases with Gira.

For years, rumors have circulated regarding his musical collaborations with The Residents, although he has denied any such involvement, often preferring to refer interviewers to The Cryptic Corporation. Dammit is credited on numerous releases by The Residents as a "sound contributor" but his actual contributions to these releases remain unclear.

He has worked on many films as both a composer or musician, including: School of Rock, The Legend of Apple Jack, Monsieur N., Scott Walker: 30 Century Man, Eierdiebe and Dead Dogs Lie. From 1980 to 1982, he wrote the lyrics for all of Canadian musician Nash the Slash's non-instrumental songs.

In 2000, Dammit started a Hamburg-based record company called Hit Thing Records specializing in rare re-issues by Yello, Die Haut & Nick Cave, Liaisons Dangereuses and Georges Montalba as well as his own collaborations with Thomas Wydler of Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds and Luther Hawkins.

Throughout his career, he has worked with a number of international artists from France, including: Bertrand Burgalat, Keren Ann, A.S Dragon, Paul Personne, Marie Modiano, ZAZ, MeLL and Raphael. Outside France, he has worked with: Ely Guerra from Mexico City, - Stephan Eicher from Bern, Switzerland, - Rufus Wainright from Montreal, Canada - Jessie Evans (singer) and Mark Eitzel from San Francisco- Cano Caoli from Tokyo - Peter von Poehl from Malmö - Depedro from Madrid - Arno from Brussels - Jesse Malin and Bee and Flower from New York City - April March and Chuck E. Weiss from Los Angeles, California - Anna Clementi from Rome - Katharina Franck from Berlin - and The Living Things from St.Louis.

An extensive chronological discography and tour date history can be found on the official Toby Dammit website.

References

Category:Living people Category:1966 births Category:American rock drummers Category:Swans members

fr:Toby Dammit

name	Isobel Campbell
background	solo_singer
birth name	Isobel Campbell
alias	Belle, Bel
birth date	April 27, 1976
origin	Glasgow, Scotland
instrument	Vocals, cello
genre	Indie pop, alternative rock, Twee Pop
occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, vocalist
years active	1996–present
label	V2 Records, Jeepster Records
associated acts	Belle & Sebastian Mark LaneganThe Gentle Waves
website	Official Site }}

Isobel Campbell (born on 27 April 1976 in Glasgow) is a Scottish singer, cellist and composer in the indie and rock genres.

History

Campbell was a member of Belle & Sebastian from their formation in Glasgow in 1996 until 2002, when she departed the band for personal reasons. She played cello and keyboards with the band, and sang backing vocals. She also took lead vocals on a few songs from the band, and co-wrote their top-20 UK single "Legal Man".

Her band The Gentle Waves released its first album on Jeepster Records, titled ''The Green Fields of Foreverland'', in 1999. The second Gentle Waves record, ''Swansong For You'' came out one year later. In 2002, she collaborated with Scottish jazz musician Bill Wells on a collection of Billie Holiday songs, released by Creeping Bent.

In 2003, Campbell released ''Amorino'', her first solo album under her own name. Bill Wells was featured here again, along with other jazz musicians.

Her next LP, ''Ballad of the Broken Seas'', a collaborative album with former Screaming Trees and Queens of the Stone Age singer Mark Lanegan, was released in March 2006. For this record she received a Mercury Music Prize nomination. She toured the UK, United States and Canada to promote the album. Her third solo album, ''Milkwhite Sheets'', was released in November 2006 and continued the folk-based approach of ''Ballad of the Broken Seas.''

A follow-up to ''Ballad of the Broken Seas'' with Mark Lanegan entitled ''Sunday at Devil Dirt'' was released on 13 May 2008. A third collaboration with Lanegan, entitled ''Hawk'', was released in Aug 2010.

Musical career

Belle & Sebastian

Belle & Sebastian was formed in 1996 by Stuart Murdoch and Stuart David. The band signed to Electric Honey in 1997. ''Tigermilk'' was their debut and was limited to 1,000 copies worldwide. Upon its release, the band's second album, ''If You're Feeling Sinister'', is their best-selling album and received wide critical acclaim.

Their follow-up was ''The Boy with the Arab Strap'' which contained the track "Is It Wicked Not to Care?" where for the first time Campbell sang lead vocals.

The band's next album was ''Fold Your Hands Child, You Walk Like a Peasant''. The album introduced many stylistic changes, such as a larger string section and more of the members singing lead vocals; Campbell sings on "Family Tree", and performs a duet with Stevie Jackson on "Beyond the Sunrise".

Most of 2002 was spent on touring and recording a soundtrack album, ''Storytelling'' (for ''Storytelling'' by Todd Solondz). Campbell left the band in spring of 2002, in the middle of the band's North American tour, right after the Toronto show.

Solo and side projects

In 1999, Campbell released her first solo album, ''The Green Fields of Foreverland'', on the little known label Jeepster Records. Campbell released the album under the pseudonym of The Gentle Waves.

The follow-up to ''The Green Fields of Foreverland'' would become ''Swansong for You'' released on 6 November 2000. This album would be the last release by Campbell under the pseudonym of The Gentle Waves. In 2003 she released a new album ''Amorino'' under her own name. Her next album, 2006's ''Ballad of the Broken Seas'', was a collaboration with former Screaming Trees vocalist Mark Lanegan and would become Campbell's major breakthrough.

Her fourth studio album was released on 23 October 2006 entitled ''Milkwhite Sheets''. It brings traditional songs from United Kingdom and songs written by Campbell. Campbell has stated that album was inspired by the works of Jean Ritchie, Anne Briggs and Shirley Collins.

Collaboration with Mark Lanegan

In April 2004, Campell released an EP with former Screaming Trees vocalist Mark Lanegan, titled ''Time Is Just the Same''. They would later release a single entitled "Ramblin' Man" for their collaboration album ''Ballad of the Broken Seas''. Campbell wrote and recorded the majority of the album's tracks in Glasgow, with Lanegan adding vocals in Los Angeles. The album was nominated for the 2006 Mercury Prize. Lanegan and Campbell played four UK concerts in January 2007, with the London date being moved to a larger venue as a result of high demand for tickets.

In 2007, the duo recorded a second album together, entitled ''Sunday at Devil Dirt'', which was released on 5 May 2008. Three singles from the album have been released so far: "Who Built the Road"(7'), "Come On Over (Turn Me On)" (7') and "Keep me in mind sweetheart"(Cd, 12'). The five new tracks of the "Keep me in mind sweetheart" EP were later added as bonus tracks to ''Sunday at Devil Dirt''.

A third collaborative album with Lanegan was released on August 16, 2010 entitled ''Hawk''. The pair will tour to promote the album, including a set at All Tomorrow's Parties, 10–12 December 2010 (Bowlie 2) curated by Belle & Sebastian.

Selected discography

Studio albums

''The Green Fields of Foreverland'' (1999) (as The Gentle Waves)

''Swansong For You'' (2000) (as The Gentle Waves)

''Amorino'' (2003)

''Milkwhite Sheets'' (2006)

Studio Albums With Mark Lanegan

''Ballad of the Broken Seas'' (2006)

''Sunday at Devil Dirt'' (2008)

''Hawk'' (2010)

References

External links

The Gentle Waves

Sacks & Co profile

Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:People from Glasgow Category:Scottish rock singers Category:Belle & Sebastian members Category:Scottish folk cellists Category:Indie pop musicians

de:Isobel Campbell es:Isobel Campbell fr:Isobel Campbell it:Isobel Campbell nl:Isobel Campbell no:Isobel Campbell pl:Isobel Campbell pt:Isobel Campbell fi:Isobel Campbell sv:Isobel Campbell